Trace elements are essential compounds necessary for a wide variety biochemical reactions including oxidation-reduction, synthetic and metabolic processes. They are a required cofactor for many enzymes. Trace element deficiencies associated with a failure of those enzyme systems for which the element serves as a cofactor cause biological system failures and death. Trace element toxicity is associated with overdose, usually secondary to taking too much high dose trace element supplements.

These controls contain a variety of metals and trace minerals that can be found in human matrix. Some levels are normal and part of a healthy human, while high or low results may indicate a health issue.